![]() ![]() Railways may use an induction loop to detect the passage of trains past a given point, as an electronic treadle. Parking structures for automobiles may use inductive loops to track traffic (occupancy) in and out or may be used by access gates or ticketing systems to detect vehicles while others use parking guidance and information systems. The decrease in impedance actuates the electronics unit output relay or solid-state optically isolated output, which sends a pulse to the traffic signal controller signifying the passage or presence of a vehicle. The decrease in inductance tends to decrease the electrical impedance of the wire to alternating current. The decrease in inductance from the eddy currents more than offsets the increase from the ferrous mass of the engine, and the net effect is an overall reduction in the inductance of the wire loop. However, the peripheral metal of the vehicle has an opposite effect on the inductance due to eddy currents that are produced. When a vehicle passes over the loop or is stopped within the loop, some of the vehicle's ferrous body material increases the loop's inductance, in the same principle as including a metal core within a solenoid coil. The inductive-loop system behaves as a tuned electrical circuit in which the loop wire and lead-in cable are the inductive elements. The electronics unit applies alternating current electrical energy onto the wire loops at frequencies between 10 k Hz to 200 kHz, depending on the model. An insulated, electrically conducting loop is installed in the pavement. Collectively, these results suggest that BM can protect the RPE and retina from NaIO 3-induced apoptosis through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction involving the MEK/ERK and p53 signaling pathways.Vehicle detection loops, called inductive-loop traffic detectors, can detect vehicles passing or arriving at a certain point, for instance approaching a traffic light or in motorway traffic. Moreover, our animal experiments revealed that BM prevented NaIO 3 from causing retinal deformation it led to thicker outer and inner nuclear layers and downregulated cleaved caspase-3 expression compared to the group receiving NaIO 3 only. At the same time, we also used MEK inhibitors (PD98059) to confirm the above phenomenon. Furthermore, we found that BM could suppress the expression of Bax, cleaved PARP, and cleaved caspase-3 by decreasing phosphorylation of MEK/ERK and p53 expression in NaIO 3-induced ARPE-19 cells. Our results revealed that BM notably improved cell viability and prevented ARPE-19 cell mitochondrial dysfunction mediated-apoptosis induced by NaIO 3 it was mediated by significantly reduced NaIO 3-upregulated ROS, cellular H 2O 2 production and improved downregulated glutathione and catalase activities. In this study, we investigated how BM protects ARPE-19 cells from NaIO 3-induced ROS-mediated apoptosis. ![]() ![]() The influence of BM on NaIO 3-induced oxidative stress damage in ARPE-19 cells has not yet been elucidated. Beta-mangostin (BM) is a xanthone-type natural compound isolated from Cratoxylum arborescens. Previous studies have indicated that NaIO 3 induces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and has been used as a model for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) due to the selective retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell damage it induces. ![]()
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